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Math 141 · Lesson 6

Straightener

Drag points on a standard plot and compare their images, the same points on the semi-log and log-log plots. Judge which plot is linear. The values of k and C are worked out from the line through the first and last points.

Lesson 6: Modeling with Exponential Functions II

About this tool

Each preset (Exponential, Power or Linear) has six points. Each point on the standard plot has an image on the semi-log plot (x,ln⁡(y))(x, \ln(y)) and on the log-log plot (ln⁡(x),ln⁡(y))(\ln(x), \ln(y)), and the images move with it. The point is connected to both images by leaders, thin lines drawn across the plots.

Each plot has a reference line through the first and last points. The vertical gap from every other point to the line is marked by a thin segment.

The log rule for each plot is listed in the panel:

ln⁡(Cekx)=ln⁡(C)+kxln⁡(Cxk)=ln⁡(C)+kln⁡(x)\ln(Ce^{kx}) = \ln(C) + kx \qquad \ln(Cx^{k}) = \ln(C) + k\ln(x)

Both rules hold only for C>0C > 0, and the log-log rule holds only for x>0x > 0 as well. From the reference line’s slope mm and intercept bb, k=mk = m and C=ebC = e^{b}, both worked out under Show numbers. Horizontal shift takes the smallest input as hh, which puts the semi-log work in the horizontal-shift form y=Cek(x−h)y = Ce^{k(x-h)}. Then b=ln⁡(yfirst)b = \ln(y_{\text{first}}) and C=yfirstC = y_{\text{first}}.

Points cannot be dragged to x=0x = 0 or y=0y = 0, because ln⁡\ln is defined only for positive numbers. Values can also be typed in the table.

Under More is a table of verdicts by plot type, and, with Show numbers on, the worked mm and bb of the standard plot’s reference line.

Keys: click the standard plot, then press 1 to 6 to pick a point. Press an arrow key to move it as far as one press of a minus or plus button. Hold Shift with an arrow key to move it five times as far. Press Esc to let go.